1. What do you mean by e-Governance?
Ans. E-governance, meaning 'electronic governance' is using information and communication technologies (ICTs) (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) at various levels of the government and the public sector and beyond, for the purpose of enhancing governance. The application of ICT to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of exchange of information and transaction:
1. Between Governments,
2. Between Government agencies,
3. Between Government and Citizens, and
4. Between Government and businesses
Government Process Re-engineering using IT to simplify and make the government processes more efficient is critical for transformation to make the delivery of government services more effective across various government domains and therefore needs to be implemented by all Ministries/ Departments.
2. What is national eGovernance plan?
Ans. The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), takes a holistic view of e-Governance initiatives across the country, integrating them into a collective vision, a shared cause. Around this idea, a massive countrywide infrastructure reaching down to the remotest of villages is evolving, and large-scale digitization of records is taking place to enable easy, reliable access over the internet. The ultimate objective is to bring public services closer home to citizens, as articulated in the Vision Statement of NeGP." Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets, and ensure efficiency, transparency, and reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the basic needs of the common man".
3. Write a short note on digital India programme.
Ans. Digital India was an initiative taken by the Government of India for providing high-speed internet networks to rural areas. Digital India Mission was launched by PM Narendra Modi on 1st July 2015 as a beneficiary to other government schemes including Make in India, Bharatmala, Sagarmala, Startup India, Bharat Net, and Standup India. It is an Umbrella Programme, covering many departments. It weaves together a large number of ideas and thoughts into a single, comprehensive vision so that each of them is seen as part of a larger goal. Each individual element stands on its own but is also part of the larger picture. It is coordinated by Deity (Department of Electronics and Information Technology), implemented by the entire government. The weaving together makes the Mission transformative in totality.
The vision of Digital India is centred on three key areas:
1. Digital Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen
2. Governance and services on demand
3. Digital Empowerment of Citizens
The vision of Digital India would be supported by 9 key pillars that cover projects such as National Optical Fibre Network, National Knowledge Network, Smart Cities, e-Kranti, etc.
4. What are the different initiatives under the digital India programme ?
Ans. The various initiatives of digital India programme are discussed below:
1. Pradhan Mantri Jandhan Yojana (PMJDY): This scheme has been launched with the aim of providing basic banking amenities to everyone, by providing accounts, debit cards and accidental insurance coverage worth 1 lakh.
2. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): Under the DBT scheme, consumers receive subsidies directly into their bank accounts, while the subsidised goods have been sold at market prices.
3. Smart Cities: The government aims to create 100 smart cities by 2022 outfitted with high-tech communication capabilities and civic infrastructure across the country.
4. Digi Locker: The service was launched as an important facility to store crucial documents like Voter ID card, Pan card, BPL card, driving license, education certificates, etc. in the cloud.
5. National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN): Under this initiative, a high-speed digital highway will connect all 250,000 gram panchayats of the country.
6. Wi-Fi Hotspots: Following on the footsteps of the NOFN, this programme aims to develop high speed BSNL Wi-Fi hotspots throughout the country to improve digital connectivity across India.
7. E-Hospital: This initiative provides an online registration system which links various hospitals across the country for registrations and appointments based on Aadhar
8. Skill India Initiative: The Skill India initiative aims to impart training in different areas to 400 million people in India by the year 2022. This will be essential to the success of the Digital India programme, one of the major challenges of which is a lack of skilled workforce.
5. What are the challenges of Digital India programme ?
Ans. The various challenges to be tackled for the success of Digital India programme are as below:
(i) National Optical Fibre Network: Infrastructure Setup under this initiative needs to be progressed at improved speed.
(ii) Adoption of Internet: Internet users are very low as compared to other countries.
(iii) Data Speed: Data speed of internet is very slow as compared to other countries.
(iv) Security: With cybercrime on the rise, the idea of putting information of about a billion citizens online seems like a risky move. Hence highest levels of security measures and protocols would need to be taken to ensure a safe environment for the citizens.
(v) Coordination: Lack of coordination between various government departments like Deity, DoT, Law, Finance, etc.
(vi) Private Sector Participation: In order to meet the expected timelines, participation of private sector players becomes quite crucial. Whereas, private sector players have shown limited involvement, this needs to be boosted quite rapidly.
(vii) Skilled manpower: Skilled manpower is essential for the development and effective adoption of new technologies. Creating a system to train and provide gainful employment to so many people is an immense challenge.
(viii) Budgetary constraints: Budget provided to different departments need to be increased for the implementation of these programmes.
(ix) Digital divide - Digital gap need to be abridged.
6. What do you mean by RTGS digital financial tool?
Ans. RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) is settlement of funds transfers individually on an order by order basis. 'Real Time' means the processing of instructions at the time they are received rather than at some later time. For transferring large amount RTGS is used. Customers can send minimum 2 lakh and maximum have no limit. RTGS can be used in banking hours.
The RTGS payment system is maintained by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and hence is a safe and reliable method of sending and receiving money at any given point of time in the country.
7. What are nine pillars of digital technology?
Ans. The vision of Digital India would be supported by 9 key pillars that cover projects such as National Optical Fiber Network, National Knowledge Network, Smart Cities, etc.
8. What do you mean by UPI?
Ans. UPI is a Unified Payments Interface system that allows multiple bank accounts into a single mobile application, merging several banking features. It is used to transfer money receive money, bill payments and others. Over the years it has gained immense popularity in India. It is interesting and easy to use and not need to remember frequently use beneficiary's account number, etc.
9. What do you mean by AEPS?
Ans. AEPS is a bank led model which allows online interoperable financial transaction at PoS (Point of Sale or Micro ATM) through the Business Correspondent or Bank Mitra of any bank using the Aadhar authentication. It empowers a bank customer to use Aadhaar as his/her identity to access his/ her respective Aadhaar enabled bank account and perform basic banking transactions like cash deposit, cash withdrawal, Intrabank or interbank fund transfer, balance enquiry and obtain a mini statement through a Business Correspondent. AEPS facilitates disbursements of Government entitlements like NREGA, Social Security pension, Handicapped Old Age Pension etc. of any Central or State Government bodies, using Aadhaar and authentication thereof as supported by UIDAI.
10. Write short note on USSD.
Ans. The innovative payment service works on Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) channel. This service allows users to use mobile banking without internet. His facility is available to make money transfer from one person to another without using internet and smart phones. Banking customers can avail this service by dialing *99# on their mobile phone and transact through an interactive menu displayed on the mobile screen. Using this customer can check balance, transfer money, can get mini statement, change UPI pin, etc.
11. Write short note on e-Wallet.
Ans. E-wallet stands for electronic wallet. These are also called mobile wallets or digital wallets. There are several e-wallets that are available and each bank has their own application. The customer can carry digital cash trough e-wallet. By use of wallet customer can link credit card or debit card or even UPI id in mobile device to make transaction. An individual's account is required to be linked to the digital wallet to add the money. The utility of e-wallet is same as a credit or debit card. The main objective of e-Wallet is to make paperless money transaction easier.
12. Write short note on Internet Banking.
Ans. Internet banking, also known as online banking, e-banking or virtual banking, is an electronic payment system that allows customers of a bank to make transaction using website of the bank by entering USERID and password. Internet banking offers customers almost every service traditionally available through a local branch including deposits, transfers, and online bill payments. With online banking, consumers aren't required to visit a bank branch to complete most of their basic banking transactions. They can do all of this at their own convenience, wherever they want i.e. at home, at work, or on the way to our work.
13. What do you mean NEFT?
Ans. NEFT is an electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another, either within a single financial institution or across multiple institutions, via computer-based systems, without the direct intervention of bank staff. National Electronic Funds Transfer is a nationwide payment system which provides funds transfer from any bank any branch to any bank. Not only account holders but also without having account people can sent money to others account by depositing money from anywhere. It is owned and controlled by the RBI. It works during the working hours of the bank only.
14. What do you mean by IMPS ?
Ans. IMPS provides robust & real time fund transfer which offers an instant, 24 x 7, interbank electronic fund transfer service that could be accessed on multiple channels like Mobile, Internet, ATM, SMS. IMPS is an emphatic service which allow transferring of funds instantly within banks across India which is not only safe but also economical. This facility is provided by NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India).
15. What are cyber cybercrimes?
Ans. Cybercrime can be defined as any unlawful act where computer or communication device or computer network is used to commit or facilitate the commission of crime. Thus a cybercrime is a crime involving computers and networks as a tool or target or both. A cybercrime includes a wide range of activities, from illegally downloading movies to stealing money from bank accounts through online banking.
16. What do you mean by identity theft in cybercrime word?
Ans. Identity theft is the act of wrongfully obtaining someone's personal information (that defines one's identity) without their permission. The personal information may include their name, phone number, address, bank account number, Aadhaar number or credit/debit card number etc. Identity theft can have many adverse effects. The fraudster can use stolen personal information and identity proofs to:
- gain access to your bank accounts
- apply for loans and credit cards or open insurance accounts
- get medical treatment on your health insurance
- assume your identity on social media
- give your name to the police during an arrest etc.
17. What are physiological tricks played by cyber criminals?
Ans. Psychological tricks are where attackers play with the minds of the user to trap them with Digital India and E-Governance: Initiatives, Infrastructure, Services and Empowerment lucrative offers. Once trapped, the attackers can exploit the victim by either stealing money or stealing sensitive personal information or harm the victim in any other way. The entire basis of this kind of attack is to make the victim fall into their trap by sending fake e-mails, calls or SMSS.
18. What do you mean by Phishing, Vishing and Smishing?
Ans. (A) Phishing is the act of sending fraudulent e-mail that appears to be from a legitimate source, for example, a bank, a recruiter or a credit card company etc.
(B) Vishing is similar to phishing. But, instead of e-mail, in this type of crime, the fraudster uses telephone to obtain sensitive personal and financial information.
(C) Smishing is the SMS equivalent of phishing. It uses SMS to send fraudulent text messages.
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