1. Why digital technology is named so?
Ans. This was the time when scientists created a new type of computing machine (compared to analogue machines) which used data represented as discrete digits e.g. B01100010. Being composed of such digits, this data was hence called digital.
Today, the word Digital is used in conjunction with many other words to convey where something uses binary (digits) data c.g. Digital Camera, which captures and stores digital images or Digital Economy, an economy based on computing and telecommunication resources or Digital Culture, the anthropological dimension of the digital social changes etc.
2. What is binary system?
Ans. According to digital electronics and mathematics, a binary number is defined as a number that is expressed in the binary system or base 2 numeral system. It describes numeric values by two separate symbols; 1 (one) and 0 (zero). The base-2 system is the positional notation with 2 as a radix.
The binary system is applied internally by almost all latest computers and computer-based devices because of its direct implementation in electronic circuits using logic gates. Every digit is referred to as a bit.
3. What is the use of binary numbers?
Ans. Binary numbers are commonly used in computer architecture. Since the computer understands only the language of two digits 0's and I's, therefore the programming is done using a binary number system.
4. What do you mean by digital technology?
Ans. Digital technologies are electronic tools, systems, devices and resources that generate, store or process data. Well known examples include social media, online games, multimedia and mobile phones.
5. What are important modern day communication system?
Ans. A wide variety of communication tools are used for external and internal communication. These tools include mail, e-mail, telephones, cell phones, smartphones, computers, video and web conferencing tools, social networking, as well as online collaboration and productivity platforms.
6. What are digital systems? List their advantages.
Ans. Digital systems are designed to store, process, and communicate information in digital form. They are found in a wide range of applications, including information and communication systems, digital instruments, and consumer products. In today's world the use of digital systems is comprehensive and they are being extensively used by individuals in all settings. The widespread use of digital systems is in the form of computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, IOT devices and so forth.
Advantages of digital systems over the analog systems:
(i) It is economical and easy to design.
(ii) It is very well suited for both numerical and non-numerical information processing.
(iii) It has high noise immunity.
(iv) It is easy to duplicate similar circuits and complex digital ICs are manufactured with the advent of microelectronics Technology.
(v) Adjustable precision and easily controllable by Computer.
7. Write a short note on significance of digital technology.
Ans: Digital technology is designed to store, process, and communicate information in digital form (binary form). Today we use digital technology in the form of computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, IOT devices and so forth.. Digital technology plays a prominent role in our day to day life. They are of very importance to an organisation as well. The digital technology has significantly enhanced the working of an organisation. The digital technology creates a conducive environment for collaboration between individuals within an organisation and also between different organisations. Digital technology is helpful in sharing and acquisition of information in any organisation. The digital technologies play a vital role in training of employees and their certification. The collection and analysis of data has become more convenient and useful through the use of technology.
The use of digital technology in education is an imperative aspect at all levels of education, from nursery to the university level. Digital technology is considered as the sole catalyst to bring about changes and transformations within the teaching-learning processes. It has rendered an efficient contribution in enabling students to improve their performance.
8. Write a short note on information and communication technology (ICT).
Ans: The term Information and Communication Technology (ICT) includes various forms of technologies that are used to create, display, store, process, transmit, share or exchange information by electronic means. ICT facilitates communication anywhere, anytime and by anyone. It has become easier to communicate worldwide through the use of ICTs, for example, social media sites and apps, blogs, etc. The use of ICT is time saving and cost effective in various ways. ICT has revolutionised the world. Now we live in the world of Internet, wireless, augmented and virtual has drastically changed. The dramatic change due to ICT has resulted in innovation in every field. space. The world around These innovations have reduced the size of the technological tools and increased the speed with which they operate to process data and communicate information.
Advantages:
1. Cost-efficient
2. Improved modes of communication
3. Improved data and information security.
4. Promoting and improving the digital culture in universities, colleges, and schools.
5. Automated solutions to paper-based manual procedures and processes.
9. What are the characteristics of a computer?
Ans. A Computer is an electronic device that converts data into information. The characteristics of computers are:
Speed: Computer can process millions of instruction in seconds. Same calculation that would have taken hours and day to complete can be completed in a few seconds using the computer.
Accuracy: A computer provides a high degree of accuracy. Every calculation is performed with the same accuracy.
Automatic: Computers are automatic machines because they work by themselves without human intervention for long time or until job is finished.
Diligence: Computer can work for hours without any break or boredom. It does not get tried. It can perform complex calculations with the same speed and accuracy from the start, till the end.
Storage capacity/memory: Computer can store very large amount of data. Moreover its memory can be extended if it falls short.
Versatility: Computers can be used to perform different types of tasks. At one point of time you can type a document, the next moment you can listen to a song or watch a video.
Reliability: A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of input any number of times, we will get the same result.
10. Write a short note on application softwares.
Ans. Application Software is a software that helps the user in completing a particular tasks such as doing online research, jotting down notes, setting an alarm, designing graphics, keeping an account log, doing calculations or even playing games. Unlike system software, they are used by the end-user and are specific in their functionality or tasks and do the job that they are designed to do.
11. Give three examples of application software.
Ans. The application software are:
- Word Processors: These applications are used for documentation. Along with that it also helps in storing, formatting and printing of these documents. Some examples of word processors are: Google Docs and MS Word.
- Multimedia Software: It is the software that is able to play, create or record images, audio or video files. They are used for video editing, animation, graphics, and image editing, Some examples of Multimedia Software are: Adobe Photoshop, Picasa, VLC Media Player, Windows Media Player and Windows Movie Maker.
- Web Browsers: These applications are used to browse the internet. They help the user in locating and retrieving data across the web. Some examples of web browsers are: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox and Opera.
12. Write a short note on operating system.
Ans. An operating system (OS) is the program that manages all the computer resources (both hardware and software). It provides an environment for other programs to work. It also acts as an intermediary between the user and the hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide a platform on which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner. In short, the operating system is the master control program of a computer. Some examples of Operating systems are MS-DOS, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 7, Linux, UNIX, Android, ios, etc. An operating system typically performs the following functions:
1. Memory Management
2. Process Management
3. Device Management
4. File Management
5. Security Management
There are various types of OS viz. Batch processing OS, Multiprogramming OS, Real time OS, Distributed OS, Networking OS, Embedded OS etc.
13. What are components of data communication?
Ans. The process of electronic transfer of information between two locations is known as data communication. A data communications system has five components. Figure shows the five components of data communication.
1. Message. The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video.
2. Sender. The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
3. Receiver. The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.
4. Transmission medium. The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves.
5. Protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating, just as a person speaking Tamil cannot be understood by a person who speaks only Telugu.
14. Write a short note on modes of transmission.
Ans. There are three ways, or modes, of transmitting data from one point to another. These are simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
Simplex: In simplex mode, the communication is unidirectional. Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit and the other can only receive. Keyboards and monitors are examples of simplex devices.
Half-Duplex: In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and receive, but only one at a time. When one device is transmitting, the other can only accept, and vice-versa. Walkie-talkies and CB (citizens band) radios are both half-duplex systems. The half-duplex mode is used in cases where there is no need for communication in both directions at the same time; the entire capacity of the channel can be utilized for each direction.
Full-Duplex (Duplex): In full-duplex mode, both stations can send and receive simultaneously. In full-duplex mode, signals going in one direction share the capacity of the link with the signals going in the other direction. One common example of full-duplex communication is the telephone network. When two people are communicating by a telephone line, both can talk and listen at the same time.
15. What is a Computer Network? List its uses.
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Ans. A computer network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by transmission media. A node can be a computer, printer, scanner, fax machine, switch, router or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network. The best known computer network is the internet.
Some of the main uses of computer networks are as follows:
- Information and Resource Sharing: Computer networks allow sharing of hardware and software resources.
- Retrieving Remote Information: The information is stored in remote databases to which the user gains access through information systems like the World Wide Web.
- Interpersonal Communication: A computer network facilitates interpersonal communications allowing users to communicate efficiently and easily via various means: email, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephone, video telephone calls, and video conferencing.
- E-Commerce: Computer networks have paved the way for a variety of business and commercial transactions online, popularly called e-commerce.
- Highly Reliable Systems: Computer networks allow systems to be distributed in nature, by the virtue of which data is stored in multiple sources. This makes the system highly reliable.
- Cost-Effective Systems: Computer networks have reduced the cost of establishment of computer systems in organizations.
- VoIP or Voice over Internet protocol has revolutionized telecommunication systems. Through this, telephone calls are made digitally using Internet Protocols instead of the regular analog phone lines.
16. Write a short note on Social Networking.
Ans. Social networking is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a social purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Whatsapp and Instagram, among others.
Advantages:
- Easy and better communication
- Business opportunities
- Study Material Availability
- Latest News
- General Fun and Entertainment
- Crowdfunding
Disadvantages:
- False Information.
- Cyber Crimes
- False Identity
- Health Issues
- Time Wastage
- Privacy Issues
17. Write short notes on.
(a) Storage memory (b) output unit of computer
Ans. Storage Unit (Memory): Memory Unit is used to store data and information in a computer. The memory in a computer system is subdivided in two ways namely: Primary and Secondary Memory. The memory with which the processor can directly interact i.e. processor cache, RAM and ROM is called the primary memory whereas secondary memory is a term used for other storage devices like hard storage. disk drive, flash drive etc. mainly used for bulk
Output Unit: This unit provides the processed data in the desired form as output. The output may be text, sound, image etc. Output devices such as Monitor, printer, speaker, plotter, etc. are used to provide output.
18. Give flow chart of transmission medium used in modern day technology.
Ans. The following chart shows the classification of transmission medium:
19. What are optical fibers?
Ans. Optical fibers are long, thin strands of glass or plastic having diameter of a human hair. The optical fiber consists of three concentric elements, the core, the cladding and the outer coating, often called the buffer. The core is usually made up of glass or plastic. The core is the light-carrying portion of the fiber. The cladding surrounds the core. The cladding is made of a material with a slightly lower index of refraction than the core. This difference in the indices causes total internal reflection to occur at the core-cladding boundary along the length of the fiber. Light is transmitted down the fiber and does not escape through the sides of the fiber. The outer layer serves as a "shock absorber" to protect the core and cladding from damage. The coating usually comprises one or more coats of a plastic material to protect the fiber from the physical environment. Sometimes metallic sheaths are added to the coating for further physical protection. The cable can be unidirectional or bidirectional.
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